Findings Demonstrate Strong Performance of GRAIL’s Multi-Cancer Early Detection Blood Test in Patients with Suspicion of Cancer
High Accuracy in Tissue of Origin May Help Direct and Accelerate Cancer Diagnosis
MENLO PARK, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–GRAIL, Inc., a healthcare company whose mission is to detect cancer early, today announced that new data for its investigational multi-cancer early detection blood test will be presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Virtual Annual Meeting I. These new data evaluate the performance of GRAIL’s test in symptomatic participants with suspicion of cancer.
Today, the majority of deadly cancers do not have guideline-recommended screening tests available, and as a result, most cancers are detected too late, after they have progressed to late stages when chances of survival are much lower. There is also a high unmet need for early detection in the diagnostic assessment of symptomatic patients who are being evaluated for cancer. GRAIL’s multi-cancer early detection technology can detect more than 50 cancers, with a very low false positive rate of less than one percent, through a single blood draw. When a cancer signal is detected, the test can also identify where the cancer is located in the body (the tissue of origin) with high accuracy. This technology could be particularly useful in directing a more efficient diagnostic workup in symptomatic patients who are being evaluated for cancer.
“We continue to make significant progress in the validation of our multi-cancer early detection blood test, and wanted to assess its potential to drive efficiencies in the diagnostic workup of patients who are showing symptoms,” said Alex Aravanis, MD, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer and Head of R&D, and a co-founder of GRAIL. “These findings show that when our multi-cancer test detected a cancer signal, it also identified where in the body that cancer was located with high accuracy. This is critical information for healthcare providers, and demonstrates the feasibility of our test to potentially accelerate diagnosis in individuals with high suspicion of cancer by helping direct the diagnostic workup.”
These new data represent a pre-specified sub-group from GRAIL’s foundational Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) study, which included more than 15,000 participants with or without a diagnosis of cancer. In the sub-group analysis reported at AACR, participants being evaluated for suspicion of cancer were classified as clinically confirmed cancer (n=164 in training, n=75 in validation) or clinically confirmed non-cancer (n=49 in training, n=15 in validation). In the confirmed non-cancer group, all training and validation samples were correctly predicted as non-cancer, or 100% specificity.
In the validation set, detection across all stages in the confirmed cancer group was 46.7% (n=35/75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.1-58.6%) at 100% specificity. When renal cancers — which were overrepresented and subject to poor detection at early stages due to low tumor cfDNA fraction — were not included, detection across stages was 59.3% (n=35/59; 95% CI: 45.7-71.9%). In stages II and above, detection was 78.9% (n=30/38; 95% CI: 62.7-90.4%), all at 100% specificity. Performance was consistent across training and validation sets.